Public forms of anti-authoritarian protest in Brazil in 1968. Student leadership and social complicity

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10073729

Palabras clave:

Brazil; 1968; university students; social imaginaries; public sphere; daily press.

Resumen

The worldwide student rebellion in the so-called ‘long 68’ affected practically every country in Latin America: especially Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay and Brazil. In Brazil, students emerged as a social, political and academic group with an especially strong commitment to democratising and modernising the university system, a movement at the vanguard of non-violent resistance to the civil-military dictatorship established in 1964, and a public actor capable of mobilising and attracting other sectors of the community to their cause, the latter having a specific clout and capacity to influence. In this article, we delve into the manifestations of these aspects in the ‘public sphere’ (Arendt). In concrete terms, we look at what is known as the Passeata dos Cem Mil (March of the Hundred Thousand), and the events leading up to it. This was the largest civil mobilisation ever to take place in Brazil – up until that point. It was led by the most progressive sectors of university students, bringing together a wide range of social actors – the Catholic Church, the mothers of young people suffering repression, artists, politicians, workers and university professors. Very quickly, it entered the ‘collective memory’ (Halbwachs) and ‘social imaginaries’ (Taylor) as a physical and symbolic point of reference for resistance to the dictatorship. For this investigation, we have critically and ideologically analysed (Van Dijk) the news articles, newspaper columns, reports and editorials on the subject which appeared in Brazil’s main newspapers.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Arendt, H. (1993). La condición humana. Barcelona: Paidós.

Arendt, H. (2006). Sobre la violencia. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.

Barbosa, M. (2007). História cultural da imprensa. Brasil, 1900-2000. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X.

Braghini, K. M. Z. (2014). A história dos estudantes “excedentes” nos anos 1960: a superlotação das universidades e um “torvelinho de situações improvisadas”. Educar em Revista(51), 123-144.

Braghini, K. M. Z. (2015). Juventude e pensamento conservador no Brasil. São Paulo: EDUC – Editora da PUC-SP.

Braghini, K. M. Z. (2019). «Imagined Communities»: Student and Revolutionary Movements in the Headlines of Mass Media Newspapers and Magazines During the Brazilian Dictatorship. Espacio, Tiempo y Educación, 6(1), 41-62.

Bruno-Jofré, R. (2019). The «Long 1960s» in a Global Arena of Contention: Re-defining Assumptions of Self, Morality, Race, Gender and Justice, and Questioning Education. Espacio, Tiempo y Educación, 6(1), 5-27.

Carey, E. (Ed.) (2016). Protests in the Streets: 1968 Across the Globe. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing.

Chaplin, T., & Pieper Mooney, J. E. (Eds.). (2017). The Global 1960s. Convention, contest and counterculture. London: Routledge.

Conrad, S. (2017). Historia Global. Una nueva visión para el mundo actual. Barcelona: Editorial Planeta.

Cunha, L. A. (2007a). A universidade crítica: o ensino superior na república populista (3rd ed.). São Paulo: Editora UNESP.

Cunha, L. A. (2007b). A Universidade Reformada: o golpe de 1964 e a modernização do ensino superior (2nd ed.). São Paulo: Editora UNESP.

da Conceição, M. V. C. (2016). Reflexões sobre o movimento estudantil e o Maio de 1968. In N. Viana (Ed.), O Movimento Estudantil em foco (pp. 75-98). Goiânia: Edições Redelp.

De Moraes Freire, S. (2008). Movimento estudantil no Brasil: lutas passadas, desafios presentes. Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana(11), 131-146.

Ésther, A. B. (2015). Que universidade? Reflexões sobre a trajetória, identidade e perspectivas da universidade pública brasileira. Espacio, Tiempo y Educación, 2(2), 197-221. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.2015.002.002.010

Halbwachs, M. (2004). La memoria colectiva. Zaragoza: Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza.

Hernández Huerta, J. L. (2018a). El ’68 más allá de las primaveras boreales: representaciones en la esfera pública de los estudiantes universitarios brasileiros en acción. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 26(66), 1-30. Retrieved from https://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/3022

Hernández Huerta, J. L. (2018b). Representações dos movimentos estudantis brasileiros na imprensa diária durante o ano de 1968. De Calabouço à Missa do Sétimo Dia. História da Educação, 22(54), 47-70.

Hernández Huerta, J. L. (2022). Looking in the mirror: the global '68 through the Brazilian daily press. History of Education Review, 51(1), 47-63. doi:10.1108/HER-03-2020-0016

Hernández Huerta, J. L., & Payà Rico, A. (2019). Other social actors involved in Brazil’s ‘Long ’68’ in the midst of the violence. Public-sphere representations of the Catholic Church’s discourse and actions in solidarity with student agitators. History of Education & Children's Literature, 14(2), 21-53.

Hobsbawm, E. (1999). Historia del siglo XX. Barcelona: Editorial Crítica.

Jasper, J. M. (2016). Protesto. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.

Klimke, M., & Scharloth, J. (Eds.). (2008). 1968 in Europe. A History of Protest and Activism, 1956–1977. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kurlansky, M. (2004). 1968. El año que conmocionó al mundo. Barcelona: Destino.

Markarian, V. (2019). Uruguay, 1968. Some Lines of an Analysis based on the Survey of the Student Protest in a Peripheral Country. Espacio, Tiempo y Educación, 6(1), 129-143.

Marwick, A. (2005). The Cultural Revolution of the Long Sixties: Voices of Reaction, Protest, and Permeation. The International History Review, 27(4), 780-806. doi:10.1080/07075332.2005.9641080

Mattos, A. L. R. d. R. (2014). Uma História da UNE (1945-1964). Campinas, SP: Pontes Editores.

Motta, R. P. S. (2014). As Universidades e o Regime Militar. Cultura política brasileira e modernização autoritária. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.

Ofer, I., & Groves, T. (Eds.). (2016). Performing Citizenship. Social Movements across the Globe. New York: Routledge.

Offe, C. (1985). New Social Movements: Challenging the Boundaries of Institutional Politics. Social Research, 52(4), 817-868.

Pensado, J. M. (2015). “To Assault With The Truth”: The Revitalization of Conservative Militancy in Mexico During the Global Sixties. The Americas, 70(3), 489-521. doi:10.1017/S0003161500004004

Poerner, A. J. (2004). O poder jovem. História da participação política dos estudantes brasileiros (5th ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Booklink.

Ribeiro, A. P. G. (2006). Modernição e concentração: a imprensa carioca nos anos 1950-1970. In L. M. B. P. Neves, M. Morel, & T. M. B. d. C. Ferreira (Eds.), História e imprensa: representações culturais e práticas de poder (pp. 426-435). Rio de Janeiro: DP&A.

Rothen, J. C. (2006). La reforma universitaria brasileña de 1968. Revista de la Educacio?n Superior, 35(1), 43-61.

Sanfelice, J. L. (2015). A UNE na resistência ao golpe de 1964 e à ditadura civil-militar. In J. Marco, H. Gordim da Silveira, & J. Valim Mansan (Eds.), Violência e Sociedade em Ditaduras Ibero-Americanas no Século XX: Argentina, Brasil, Espanha e Portugal (pp. 61-78). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS.

Taylor, C. (2006). Imaginarios sociales modernos. Barcelona: Paidós.

Van Dijk, T. A. (1996). Análisis del discurso ideológico. Versión, 6, 15-43.

Van Dijk, T. A. (1999). El análisis crítico del discurso. Anthropos, 186, 23-36.

Vieira, M. L. d. M. (1998). 68: Os estudantes mineiros e o desejo de um novo mundo. In J. R. Martins Filho (Ed.), 1968 faz 30 anos (pp. 77-93). Campinas, SP: Mercado de Letras.

Descargas

Publicado

2024-01-04

Cómo citar

Hernández Huerta, J. L. . (2024). Public forms of anti-authoritarian protest in Brazil in 1968. Student leadership and social complicity. Encuentros. Revista De Ciencias Humanas, Teoría Social Y Pensamiento Crítico., (20 (enero-abril), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10073729